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<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">如图是科技小组的同学利用电磁转换的知识制作的“电能无线传输”装置的示意图。图中送电线圈利用电流产生磁场，受电线圈利用磁场产生电流。受电线圈正对并靠近送电线圈可以产生电流，使灯泡发光，实现电能的无线传输。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">（</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">）送电线圈是利用电流的<u> </u>效应工作的，与受电线圈产生电流的原理相同的是<u> </u>（选填“电动机”或“发电机”）。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">（</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">）受电线圈中电流大小可以通过灯泡<u> </u>来反映。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">（</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">）在图中的电源、调节装置和送电线圈不改变的情况下，该小组同学想探究影响受电线圈两端电压大小的因素，猜想它可能与受电线圈的匝数、直径及两线圈之间的距离有关。通过查阅资料，他们了解到了受电线圈两端电压与线圈匝数的关系。接着，他们用相同规格的漆包线绕制了多个匝数相同、直径不同的线圈，对其余两个猜想进行探究。实验数据如表：</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">（送电线圈直径为</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">70.0mm</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">）</span></span></span></span></span> <table class="Table" style="margin-left:19px; border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">实验次数</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">受电线圈的直径</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">D/mm</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">两线圈之间的距离</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">d/mm</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">受电线圈两端的电压</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">U/V</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">70.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">22.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">8.6</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">70.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">11.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">14.1</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">70.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5.5</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">20.5</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">4</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">145.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5.5</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">10.3</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">105.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5.5</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">16.9</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">6</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">45.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5.5</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">13.9</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">7</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">32.0</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5.5</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5.4</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span cambria="" math="" style="font-family:">①</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">分析<u> </u></span></span><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1</span></span></u><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">、</span></span></u><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span></u><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">、</span></span></u><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span></u><u> </u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">三次实验数据可初步得出结论：在受电线圈的直径和匝数相同时，两线圈之间的距离越小，受电线圈两端的电压越大。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span cambria="" math="" style="font-family:">②</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">分析</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">、</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">4</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">、</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">、</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">6</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">、</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">7</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">五次实验数据可初步得出结论：在两线圈之间的距离和受电线圈的匝数相同的情况下，受电线圈直径增大时，其两端电压<u> 先增大后减小 </u>。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">（</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">4</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:新宋体">）通过实验，小组同学发现电能无线传输存在传输距离<u> 小 </u>的缺点。尽管如此，电能无线传输技术仍然有着广阔的应用前景，如部分手机和电动牙刷的无线充电装置已经采用了该技术。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <img height="148" src="/uploads/meth/20201228/33921b3b44a554d1a05b0224de3c424a.png" width="376" />
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试题解答
<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">解：（1）由题干材料得，图中送电线圈利用电流产生磁场，是电流磁效应；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">受电线圈正对并靠近送电线圈可以产生电流，这是由于运动产生电流是电磁感应，发电机的工作原理也是电磁感应，故原理和发电机原理相同。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（2）在灯泡的电阻不变时，根据U＝IR，电流越大，电压表示数越大；根据P＝I<sup>2</sup>R，电流越大，灯泡的功率越大，灯泡越亮，所以受电线圈中电流大小可以通过灯泡亮度或灯泡两端电压来判断。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（3）①1、2、3实验的受电线圈直径相同，线圈匝数相同，两线圈距离逐渐减小，受电线圈两端的电压不断增大。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">②3、4、5、6、7五次实验线圈匝数相同，两线圈之间距离相等，受电线圈直径不断增大时，受电线圈两端的电压先增大后减小。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（4）由于从实验数据知：在受电线圈的直径和匝数相同时，两线圈之间的距离越小，受电线圈两端的电压越大，当两线圈距离增大时，受电线圈两端的电压会减小，所以电能无线传输存在传输距离小的缺点。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">故答案为：（1）磁；发电机；（2）亮度（或两端的电压大小）；（3）①1、2、3；②先增大后减小；（4）小。</span></span></span></span></span>
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本题考查了"电磁感应 电磁波的传播与应用 焦耳定律 "，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键
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