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<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">有一块火山石可以漂浮在水中，小王用天平、量筒和水等器材测量这块火山石的密度，实验步骤如下：</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">①用天平测出石块的质量m，天平的示数如图；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">②向量筒中倒入V<sub>1</sub>=60mL的水；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">③用细线系住石块，放入量筒，用铁丝将其压入水中足够长时间，水面到达65mL处；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">④取出石块，水面降到了V<sub>3</sub>=58mL处；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">⑤小王认为石块体积测量不够准确，石块的体积应该包含材质和其中空隙部分的体积，于是又向量筒中加水到60mL处，将刚才取出的石块表面吸附的水清除后，再次没入量筒的水中，此时水面到达V<sub>4</sub>=66mL处。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">请解答下面问题：</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（1）该实验原理为<u> </u></span></span><u> </u><u> </u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（用物理符号表示）。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（2）在步骤④中，水面未回到60mL处的原因是<u> </u></span></span><u> </u><u> </u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（3）请你根据小王的实验思路，将有关数据及计算结果填入以下表格空白处。</span></span></span></span></span> <table class="Table" style="width:554px; margin-left:9px; border-collapse:collapse; border:none" width="554"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:61px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">物理量</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">次数</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:70px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">火山石块的质量m/g</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:52px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">V<sub>1</sub></span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:69px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">V<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:51px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">V<sub>3</sub></span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:51px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">V<sub>4</sub></span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:75px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">火山石块的体积V/cm<sup>3</sup></span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:126px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">火山石块的密度ρ/g•cm<sup>﹣1</sup></span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:61px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 1</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:70px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><u> </u><u> </u></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:52px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 60</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:69px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 65</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:51px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 58</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:51px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体"> 66</span></span></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:75px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><u> </u><u> </u></span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:126px; padding:2px 2px 2px 2px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><u> </u></span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（4）观察表格设计，请你指出其中存在的两处不足（相同类型的不足点只写一条）</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">①<u> </u></span></span><u> </u><u> </u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；②<u> </u></span></span><u> </u><u><sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">4</span></span></sub></u><u> </u><u> </u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <img height="113" src="/uploads/meth/20210528/d33f1f62af4beec9a34a7bdfa44cbf35.png" width="262" /><br />
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（1）ρ=</span></span></span></span></span><img height="35" src="/uploads/meth/20210528/0401d2cd384b7b5f4d60085d0a7daacc.png" width="13" /><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（2）火山石块吸附了2mL的水；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（3）4.8；6；0.8；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（4）①实验次数太少；②V<sub>1</sub>、V<sub>2</sub>、V<sub>3</sub>、V<sub>4</sub>无单位。</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">解：</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（1）本实验原理为ρ=</span></span></span></span></span><img height="35" src="/uploads/meth/20210528/5ce0bf231b6b5fd346e31c5583ebadd3.png" width="13" /><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（2）水面未回到60mL处的原因是火山石块吸附了2mL的水；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（3）火山石的质量：m=4.8g，</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">火山石的体积：V=66mL﹣60mL=6mL=6cm<sup>3</sup>，</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">火山石的密度：ρ=</span></span></span></span></span><img height="35" src="/uploads/meth/20210528/4c8211690830ad64c95b8dfd261258b5.png" width="13" /><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=</span></span></span></span></span><img height="42" src="/uploads/meth/20210528/34983402a75bfc6eea2ab69ce92562cf.png" width="40" /><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">=0.8g/cm<sup>3</sup>；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（4）从设计的表格看出，存在的不足之处：①实验次数太少，②V<sub>1</sub>、V<sub>2</sub>、V<sub>3</sub>、V<sub>4</sub>无单位。</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">故答案为：（1）ρ=</span></span></span></span></span><img height="35" src="/uploads/meth/20210528/50396f74dfe7aeac3ce3c2318352ca00.png" width="13" /><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（2）火山石块吸附了2mL的水；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（3）4.8；6；0.8；</span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（4）①实验次数太少；②V<sub>1</sub>、V<sub>2</sub>、V<sub>3</sub>、V<sub>4</sub>无单位。</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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