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<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">如图所示，是探索焦耳定律的实验装置，已知R</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">＜R</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，闭合开关后，通过两段电阻丝的电流I</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></sub><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">　  　</span></span></u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">I</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，相同时间内电阻丝所放出的热量Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></sub><u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">　  　</span></span></u><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">．家庭取暖用的电油酊是利用电流的<u>　   　</u>来工作，其温度升高是通过电流<u>　   　</u>的方式改变物体的内能。</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<img src="/uploads/meth/20210417/e2eca22c45e8b007931fed6ba0e5af3e.png" style="float: right; width: 160px; height: 144px;" />

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<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">解：（1）由图可知，两段电阻丝串联，根据串联电路的电流特点可知I</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">＝I</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（2）已知R</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">＜R</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">，时间相同，通过的电流也相同，根据焦耳定律的公式Q＝I</span></span><sup><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sup><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">Rt可知Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">1</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">＜Q</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">2</span></span></span></sub><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（3）家庭取暖用的电池酊通电后向外放出热量，这是利用电流的热效应来工作的。</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">（4）电池酊工作时，消耗了电能，产生了内能，这是通过电流做功的方式改变物体的内能。</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体">故答案为：＝；＜；热效应；做功。</span></span></span></span></span>

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